Each part of the balloon must be stamped by the worker who does the particular job, also by the work inspector of the division, and finally by the "G" inspector, who gives final approval. With some of New York's skyscrapers looming through clouds of gas, some U.
An Auxiliary Territorial Service girl crew, dressed in warm winter coats, works a searchlight near London, on January 19, , trying to find German bombers for the anti-aircraft guns to hit.
In back, center is Reichsmarshal Hermann Goering. At the extreme right is Lt. Karl Bodenschatz of the German air ministry. The master poster is hanging in the background. More and more girls are joining the Luftwaffe under Germany's total conscription campaign.
They are replacing men transferred to the army to take up arms instead of planes against the advancing allied forces. Here, German girls are shown in training with men of the Luftwaffe, somewhere in Germany, on December 7, They have to be quick-witted, intelligent and observant woman of the world - They attend an intensive course at the highly sufficient RAF police school - where their training runs parallel with that of the men.
The first "Women Guerrilla" corps has just been formed in the Philippines and Filipino women, trained in their local women's auxiliary service, are seen here hard at work practicing on November 8, , at a rifle range in Manila. Little known to the outside world, although they have been fighting fascist regimes since , the Italian "Maquis" carry on their battle for freedom under the most hazardous conditions. Germans and fascist Italians are targets for their guns; and the icy, eternally snow-clad peaks of the French-Italian border are their battlefield.
This school teacher of the Valley of Aosta fights side-by-side with her husband in the "White Patrol" above the pass of Little Saint Bernard in Italy, on January 4, Women of the defense corps form a "V" for victory with crossed hose lines at a demonstration of their abilities in Gloucester, Massachusetts, on November 14, A nurse wraps a bandage around the hand of a Chinese soldier as another wounded soldier limps up for first aid treatment during fighting on the Salween River front in Yunnan Province, China, on June 22, American film actress Veronica Lake, illustrates what can happen to women war workers who wear their hair long while working at their benches, in a factory somewhere in America, on November 9, Young Soviet girl tractor-drivers of Kirghizia now Kyrgyzstan , efficiently replace their friends, brothers and fathers who went to the front.
Here, a girl tractor driver sows sugar beets on August 26, Paul Titus, year-old air raid spotter of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, carries a gun as she patrols her beat, on December 20, Titus signed-up the day after the Pearl Harbor attack. Steel-helmeted, uniformed Polish women march through the streets of Warsaw to aid in defense of their capital after German troops had started their invasion of Poland, on September 16, Nurses are seen clearing debris from one of the wards in St.
Four hospitals were among the buildings hit by German bombs during a full scale attack on the British capital. Polish women are led through woods to their executions by German soldiers sometime in These Northwestern University girls brave freezing weather to go through a Home Guard rifle drill on the campus in Evanston, Illinois on January 11, As they await assignment to their permanent field installations, these Army nurses go through gas mask drill as part of the many refresher courses being given them at a provisional headquarters hospital training area somewhere in Wales, on May 26, Movie actress Ida Lupino, is a lieutenant in the Women's Ambulance and Defense Corps and is shown at a telephone switch board in Brentwood, California, on January 3, In an emergency she can reach every ambulance post in the city.
German prisoners captured at Friedrichsfeld march through a town in Germany after the crossing of the Rhine River by the U. Prisoners line block 61 of Buchenwald concentration camp in April The construction of Buchenwald started July 15, , and the camp was liberated by U. George Patton's troops on April 11, Between , and , people were imprisoned in the camp. About 56, died, including 11, Jews.
Roosevelt's funeral procession goes down Connecticut Avenue on its way to the White House. Harry S. Truman takes the oath of office on April 12, , as he becomes the 33rd president of the United States. Standing beside him are his wife, Bess, and daughter Margaret.
The bodies of Benito Mussolini, left, and his mistress, Clara Petacci, second from left, hang from the roof of a gasoline station after they were shot by anti-Fascist forces while attempting to escape to Switzerland on April 28, Russian soldiers wave their flag, made from tablecloths, over the ruins of the Reichstag in Berlin on April 30, That day, as the Soviets were within blocks of his bunker at the Reich Chancellery, Adolf Hitler committed suicide.
The war in Europe was officially over. Soldiers rush an injured U. Marine from a battlefield during the Battle of Okinawa in June The battle, the bloodiest of the war in the Pacific, raged for nearly three months and heightened U.
A photograph on display at the Bradbury Science Museum shows the first instant of the first atomic bomb test, on July 16, , at a. The Potsdam Declaration, announced 10 days later, called for Japan's unconditional surrender, threatening "prompt and utter destruction. Paul W. Tibbets Jr. The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, that day killed an estimated , people. A patient suffering severe radiation burns lies in the Hiroshima Red Cross hospital in August Many of those who survived the initial blast on August 6 died of severe radiation-related injuries and illnesses.
A dense column of smoke rises more than 60, feet into the air over Nagasaki, the result of an atomic bomb dropped on August 9, An estimated 60, to 70, were killed in the Nagasaki blast.
Six days later, a little after noon local time on August 15, Emperor Hirohito's announcement that Japan had accepted the terms of the Potsdam Declaration was broadcast on radio. Japan had surrendered. A jubilant American sailor kisses a nurse in New York's Times Square on August 14, , as he celebrates the news that Japan has surrendered. Because of the time difference between the two nations, the surrender occurred August 15 in Japan.
Overseeing the surrender is U. Douglas McArthur right, back to camera. Causes of World War II. Germany, Austria and the other countries on the losing side of the war were especially unhappy with the Paris Agreement, which required them to give up arms and make reparations. Germany agreed to sign the Treaty of Versailles only after the victorious countries threatened to invade if Germany did not sign it.
Germany made the last payment on reparations in Economic Issues - World War I was devastating to countries' economies. Although the European economy had stabilized by the s, the Great Depression in the United States led to economic downfall in Europe. Communism and fascism gained strength in the wake of economic problems. Nationalism - An extreme form of patriotism that grew in Europe became even stronger after World War I, especially for countries that were defeated.
Read More. Dictatorships - Political unrest and unfavorable economic conditions lead to the rise of dictatorships in countries such as Germany, Italy, Japan and the Soviet Union.
Failure of Appeasement - Czechoslovakia had become an independent nation after World War I, but by , was surrounded by German territory. Hitler wanted to annex the Sudetenland, an area in western Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain wanted to appease Hitler and agreed to his demands for the Sudetenland after Hitler promised he would not demand more territory. Hitler seized the rest of Czechoslovakia in March of Axis Powers. Germany, Japan and Italy formed a coalition called the Axis Powers.
Allied Powers. Between and at least 50 nations would eventually fight together. US Troop Statistics. US Deaths. Other Military Casualties by Country selected. Australia: 23, dead; 39, wounded Austria: , dead; , wounded Belgium: 7, dead; 14, wounded Bulgaria: 10, dead; 21, wounded Canada: 37, dead; 53, wounded China: 2,, dead; 1,, wounded France: , dead; , wounded Germany: 3,, dead; 7,, wounded Great Britain: , dead; , wounded Hungary: , dead; 89, wounded Italy: 77, dead; , wounded Japan: 1,, dead; , wounded Poland: , dead; , wounded Romania: , dead; wounded unknown Soviet Union: 7,, dead; 5,, wounded United States: , dead; , wounded.
Research Topics. Share this link:. Katherine Schaeffer is a research analyst at Pew Research Center. Sign up for our weekly newsletter Fresh data delivered Saturday mornings.
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