The symptoms of schizophrenia may overlap with those of bipolar disorder , which is a condition that causes changes in mood, energy, activity, and behavior. Learn more about the symptoms of schizophrenia versus those of bipolar disorder here. The DSM-IV classified the following types of schizophrenia as separate conditions, but experts no longer recognize them as diagnostic categories since the publication of the DSM-V in Paranoid schizophrenia was characterized by being preoccupied with one or more delusions or having frequent auditory hallucinations.
It did not involve disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, or a lack of emotion. Delusions and hallucinations are still elements of a schizophrenia diagnosis, but experts no longer consider it as a distinct subtype. Disorganized schizophrenia was characterized by disorganized behavior and nonsensical speech. Another prominent feature was flat or inappropriate affect.
Disorganized speech and thought are still elements of a schizophrenia diagnosis, but experts no longer consider this as a distinct subtype.
Catatonic schizophrenia was characterized by catatonia. This causes a person to experience either excessive movement, called catatonic excitement, or decreased movement, known as a catatonic stupor. Catatonia can occur with schizophrenia and a range of other conditions, including bipolar disorder.
For this reason, mental health professionals now consider it to be a specifier for schizophrenia and other mood disorders, rather than a type of schizophrenia.
Undifferentiated schizophrenia involved symptoms that did not fit into the paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic types of schizophrenia. In residual schizophrenia, a person would have had several symptoms of schizophrenia but would not exhibit prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganization, or catatonic behavior.
Some people with schizophrenia have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease due to the higher incidence of smoking and decreased engagement in health promoting behaviors. Mental health professionals no longer use the terms paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, or catatonic schizophrenia. Instead, they use the umbrella term schizophrenia to describe the condition as a whole and make a note of which specific symptoms an individual is experiencing.
Schizophrenia is a complex condition, and there are many related conditions with similar symptoms. If a person is concerned about symptoms that they or a loved one is experiencing, they can find more resources from the National Institute of Mental Health or look for mental health services on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website. It is the most common form of schizophrenia and is usually characterized by positive schizophrenia symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.
This rare type of schizophrenia is unique in that it involves physical movement. Catatonia can be its own disorder, but people with catatonic schizophrenia often have negative symptoms of schizophrenia and are not very responsive.
They may not react to stimuli, stay in strange body positions, make odd movements, or even have rigid limbs that will stay in the position that they are moved to. Hebephrenic schizophrenia is also called disorganized schizophrenia because these people usually have disorganized speech and behavior.
They may also have inappropriate emotional responses or lack of any emotional response. Residual schizophrenia is used when people have a past history of positive schizophrenia symptoms but now only have lingering negative symptoms or none at all. These lingering symptoms may include poor attention, some mental disorganization, and emotional withdrawal. Undifferentiated schizophrenia is the classification given to people who may not fit into any of these other classifications of schizophrenia because they are showing symptoms for more than one kind.
These people may exhibit both positive and negative symptoms. While there are different types of schizophrenia, these disorders fall on a spectrum and should be treated as such. Schizophrenia treatment will differ not only based on the type of schizophrenia, but also on the individual.
Typically, treatment will include a combination of medicine and psychotherapy. When this becomes their norm, they may develop a substance abuse disorder and a dual diagnosis treatment is often required to treat both problems. Government regulations require psychiatrists to diagnose a specific type of schizophrenia so that insurance companies get the green light to pay for care.
Ninety-nine percent of patients with schizophrenia need lifelong treatment with antipsychotic drugs, counseling and social rehabilitation, says Dr. Antipsychotics are given orally or by injection.
Depending on the type of schizophrenia, other medications may be needed as well:. Without ongoing care, people with schizophrenia can be hospitalized multiple times, lose jobs and fall out of touch with their families. The road to diagnosis, treatment and stability is a challenging one.
To learn about local services, families can reach out to their county mental health board, local hospital or mental health center. Discover how paranoid schizophrenia differs from other types of schizophrenia, why it can take a while to get a diagnosis, and which treatments work best for each form of this serious mental illness. Learn more about vaccine availability. Advertising Policy.
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