In addition, girls with insulin resistance may have polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS. In PCOS, the ovaries get bigger and develop fluid-filled sacs called cysts. Girls with this condition often have irregular periods or may stop having periods, and they might have excess facial and body hair.
Doctors can say for sure if a person has diabetes by testing blood samples for glucose. Even if someone doesn't have any symptoms of type 2 diabetes, doctors may order blood tests to check for it if the person has certain risk factors for instance, being overweight. Some kids and teens with diabetes may go to a pediatric endocrinologist — a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating children and teens living with diseases of the endocrine system , such as diabetes and growth problems.
Sometimes people with type 2 diabetes take pills that help the insulin in their bodies work better. Some also need insulin shots or an insulin pump to control their diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes have to pay a little more attention to what they're eating and doing than people who don't have diabetes.
They may need to:. People with type 2 diabetes might have to eat smaller food portions and less salt or fat, too. Those who eat healthy foods, stay active, and get to a healthy weight may bring their blood sugar levels into a healthier range. Their doctors may even say they don't need to take any medicines at all. Sometimes people who have diabetes feel different from their friends because they need to think about how they eat and how to control their blood sugar levels every day.
Some teens with diabetes want to deny that they even have it. They might hope that if they ignore diabetes, it will just go away. They may feel angry, depressed , or helpless, or think that their parents are constantly worrying about their diabetes management. If you've been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, it's normal to feel like your world has been turned upside down.
Your diabetes care team is there to provide answers and support. This leads to high levels of sugar in the blood, which leads to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is what happens when the body does not respond to insulin like it should. The liver is one of the main places the body stores sugar. It does this by making more sugar.
Type 2 diabetes causes the intestines to stop making or make less of hormones called incretins. Diabetes also makes the intestines resistant to its effects. Incretins work with insulin and other hormones to control blood sugar by: 1. With type 2 diabetes, the kidneys increase how much sugar is reabsorbed back into the body. This damages the kidneys and keeps them from removing sugar from the bloodstream.
The brain plays an important role in type 2 diabetes when it stops controlling appetite. Insulin usually acts as an appetite suppressant. But the brains of people who are obese are resistant to insulin. This resistance leads to more eating, which, in a vicious cycle, leads to weight gain , which makes diabetes worse.
Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. Most people with kidney disease get anemia. Mineral and bone disorder. Kidney disease causes your bones to lose calcium. Some calcium may end up in parts of your body where it does not belong, like your heart and blood vessels. This can lead to heart disease. Kidney failure.
Your kidneys filter wastes from your blood and manage other functions of your body. There are five stages of kidney disease.
Treatment in the early stages can help keep kidney disease from getting worse. If your kidneys fail, you will need treatment with dialysis for the rest of your life, or a kidney transplant. CARES Serious problems from diabetes. Having kidney disease makes your diabetes worse. You are more likely to develop heart disease, stroke, blindness, nerve damage, and foot amputations from diabetes if you also have kidney disease.
How do I know if I have kidney disease? What happens if I have kidney disease? How can I prevent kidney disease and other problems from diabetes? What else can I do to protect my eyes, heart, nerves, feet, and kidneys from diabetes?
Work with your healthcare team to develop a treatment plan that helps you manage diabetes. Get regular exercise. Lose weight, if you need to. Diabetes increases the risk of a number of eye problems, some of which can lead to vision loss. Short-term problems include blurred vision, due to high blood sugar. Long-term complications include:. Having regular eye tests, managing blood sugar, and avoiding or quitting smoking can all help protect eye health with diabetes.
Find out more here about the link between blurry vision and diabetes. Gastroparesis can happen when nerve damage interferes with the ability of the digestive system to move food from the stomach into the small intestine. Learn more here about diabetic gastroparesis. Erectile dysfunction is more than three times more likely to develop in men with diabetes, and it can appear 10—15 years earlier than in those without the condition.
Research appearing in found that girls who receive a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes before the age of 10 years are more likely to start menstruating later than those without the disease. Menstrual irregularities are also common once menstruation starts, and menopause may start earlier. The research also notes that there are links between type 2 diabetes and infertility , the length of the menstrual cycle, and the age at which menopause starts.
This connection may be due to the high incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS and obesity among people with diabetes, both of which can increase the chance of fertility problems.
Diabetes can also cause pregnancy complications, therefore, good blood sugar management during the entire pregnancy is essential. Research from found that men with type 1 and type 2 diabetes tend to have lower sperm quality and a higher risk of infertility.
There are links between diabetes and various skin conditions. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. Problems include a higher chance of:. Studies have also found links between the incidence of type 2 diabetes and psoriasis.
Ulcers can develop if a skin infection becomes severe. Ulcers are open wounds that are slow to heal. Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum NLD starts as a raised area of skin that can turn violet and become itchy and sore. NLD is a rare condition that may need treatment if the sores open.
A person with high blood sugar levels may also have high levels of triglyceride, or fat, in the blood. This can lead to eruptive xanthomatosis, a rash of reddish-yellow lesions called xanthomas that can also be a warning sign for pancreatitis. Calluses , foot sores, and dry skin can also pose problems. If wounds develop from these, ulcers can appear. Without attention, a foot ulcer can become dangerous, possibly resulting in the need for an amputation. Learn more here about how diabetes can lead to skin problems.
Metabolism is the process by which the body converts nutrients into energy. Disruption to this process can lead to various complications, some of which can be life-threatening. Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA is an acute, life-threatening diabetes complication. It happens when the body cannot use glucose for energy, so it starts to break down fat. As it does this, it releases chemicals known as ketones. High levels of ketones can make the blood too acidic.
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