But incorporating radar data into the EF scale may not be that simple. While the EF scale is intended to describe tornado-strength winds as they occur for three seconds ten meters off the ground, radar data describes instantaneous winds, and usually at higher altitudes.
Because of these complications, the NWS decided to stick to strict damage analysis to make its tornado ratings, at least until there is a standardized way to incorporate radar measurements. When the Norman office submitted their El Reno report to headquarters, the EF5 grade was rejected, and the storm was again classified as an EF3. The back-grading of the El Reno storm led to some heated controversy within the meteorological world. He explains that a primary reason to rate a storm in the first place is to "figure out what meteorological conditions accompanied strong and violent tornadoes.
Not just what the damage was, but what were the maximum wind speeds," he says. The debate also has been fueled by the tragic fact that this particular tornado was the first to cause the death of storm chasers, including Tim Samaras , one of the field's greatest heroes.
All rights reserved. Scale Based on Damage In , when Ted Fujita introduced the original Fujita F scale, it wasn't possible to measure a tornado's winds while they were happening. The Fujita Scale Wind speeds are estimates Fujita's scale was an important tool for scientists, enabling them to keep a running database of tornado intensities.
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Environment Planet Possible India bets its energy future on solar—in ways both small and big Grassroots efforts are bringing solar panels to rural villages without electricity, while massive solar arrays are being built across the country. Mobile mesonets - cars outfitted with mounted surface weather stations - are positioned near tornadoes to study the airflow around them.
Research teams from VORTEX, a major field experiment designed to study tornado rotation, surrounded this tornado throughout its entire lifecycle, providing data that will either support or refute different ideas regarding tornado formation by NSSL scientists. The tornadoes that have popped up over the past few days belie the relatively benign conditions that have existed throughout much of the past year, researchers say.
While April was the 13th warmest on record globally, it was the 23rd coolest for the continental US and the coolest for the lower 48 since April , according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
This contributed to a very slow start to the tornado season. That's 50 fewer twisters than the previous record low, which was set from June to May And while severe weather in January and February led to more reports of tornadoes for each month than the averages would suggest, March and April's tornado reports were well below the year average. But by mid May, the atmosphere, and severe thunderstorms, began to fire up.
For the month through May 21, preliminary data gathered by the SPC indicate some tornado reports around the US, but focused largely on the Plains and Midwest. This compares with 83 reports in April, 18 in March, 46 in February, and 64 in January. The total year to date is running well below the average total of reports through May Already a subscriber? Monitor journalism changes lives because we open that too-small box that most people think they live in.
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No injuries or deaths were reported, and the tornado damage was minimal in Oklahoma. This tornado was produced by the same parent supercell thunderstorm that had generated the violent tornado that struck Blackwell, OK earlier that evening. The tornado crossed the Kansas state line due south of Ashton, KS and moved northward across the extreme eastern part of Sumner County to near Oxford, passing along the west side of Geuda Springs.
At pm CST, the tornado was located five miles south of Oxford. As is moved northward, it swung eastward around the town of Oxford to a farm three miles north-northeast of Oxford where it took the lives of five children of one family. It almost completely destroyed the town, killing 75 of the inhabitants, causing major injuries to persons, and less serious injuries to others.
After exiting Udall, the storm was reported to have moved to the east-northeast, passing the town of Rock on the south and lifting just north of Atlanta. However, the damage east of Udall may have been caused by downburst winds. The path was irregular and indicated occasional swinging of the funnel as much as a mile on either side of a smoothed path.
Farm buildings and farm implements sustained heavy damage. No estimate was computed of the amount of crop damage left by this storm. This storm is still the deadliest tornado in Kansas history.
This violent tornado was initially observed as it formed in the North Canadian River bottomlands just south of the city of Shawnee. Several farmsteads and the Resthaven Cemetery were damaged or destroyed 2 miles east of Shawnee. Several more farmsteads were destroyed and general destruction occurred in the Eoontuohka area. There was extensive destruction in the area. The tornado was described as barrel as a huge, white, barrel-shaped cloud that stayed completely on the ground.
Several company homes were destroyed. Farmsteads were damaged and destroyed along the rest of the path. Two people were killed and eleven injured in the Iron Post area south of Bristow.
This tornado caused the most damage as it moved through the west and north portions of Sapulpa at pm CST. Three persons were killed and 70 injured, and a total of people were made homeless. There were about homes destroyed or damaged.
Of this, a total approximately homes were completely destroyed with more receiving heavy damage and another homes incurring partial damage. A school and 2 churches were also destroyed, and trees and utilities were heavily damaged. The storm covered a block area in Sapulpa. High winds destroyed a house in Tulsa and other general damage was reported.
Large hail fell east and northeast of Shawnee, and some hail was observed near the entire path of the tornado. This tornado touched down 4 miles east of Bokoshe and 0. A local business structure and a mobile home were destroyed in this area.
The tornado then continued its northeast path and entered the southeast portion of Spiro. Great destruction occurred in this area, and railroad cars, trailer homes, houses and business buildings were destroyed. The tornado then crossed State Highway 9 where additional homes were either damaged or demolished. A survey of the damage in this area indicated that the tornado reached F5 intensity after crossing State Highway 9 and entering the rural Murray Spur area east of Spiro.
One man was killed, seven homes were destroyed, and one mobile home was demolished in the Murray Spur area. The eastward movement continued for about 1 mile at which point the tornado crossed OK State Highway 9 for a second time.
Along the total path of the tornado two people were killed and another 64 persons were injured. A total of 28 homes and 2 business buildings were destroyed. Another 63 homes and a vo-tech training center building sustained major damage. Approximately 20 cattle and 20 horses were killed by the storm.
Many cars and farm vehicles were also destroyed. Eye witness claimed that 2 separate funnels occasionally traveled in close proximity to each other along the path. A powerful, long, wide-tracked tornado touched down just south of Speer in Choctaw County and moved east-southeastward near Messer and across the Hugo Reservoir.
It then moved nearly due east to just north of Valliant, to just south of Wright City and through Golden, It continued through the south tip of Broken Bow before eventually dissipating 4 miles southeast of Eagletown in McCurtain County, The total path length for this tornado was 53 miles, and it had a maximum width of 1.
The physical state of this tornado varied as it morphed between multiple vortex and solid funnel phases during its lifetime. In the Messer area, a new house that was destroyed even had the carpet pulled up, and all that remained on the slab were the carpet tack strips. In addition, a 2'x4' board was driven through an oak tree in the area.
A total of 29 people were injured by the storm. Approximately houses and large barns were destroyed. About large chicken houses were also destroyed with significant losses of poultry occurring.
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