Many college students use Adderall to help them study. The half-life of a medication refers to the time it takes for half of the medication to be inactivated or removed from the body. Half-life is used as a measure of how long the medication will work or stay in the body.
The half-life of Adderall is typically from 9 to 14 hours. Each Adderall tablet or capsule contains two stimulant drugs: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Both drugs cause the body to release increased norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that send messages, or signals, between cells. Increased amounts of these messengers in the brain can result in more focus and attention. In people with ADHD , it can also result in a calming effect.
In people with narcolepsy , it can help reduce daytime sleepiness. Some research in animals has shown negative effects to a fetus when the mother takes this drug. Some infants born to mothers who are dependent on drugs similar to Adderall during pregnancy have shown negative effects.
These include an increased risk of being born premature, having low birth weight, or having symptoms of drug withdrawal. This medication should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies the potential risk. Adderall can pass through breast milk and cause side effects in a child who is breastfed. You may need to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop taking this medication. When Adderall is dispensed from the pharmacy, the pharmacist will add an expiration date to the label on the bottle.
This date is typically one year from the date the medication was dispensed. The purpose of such expiration dates is to guarantee the effectiveness of the medication during this time. However, an FDA study showed that many medications may still be good beyond the expiration date listed on the bottle. How long the medication remains good can depend on many factors, including how and where the medication is stored. Adderall should be stored at room temperature in a tightly sealed and light-resistant container.
If you have unused medication that has gone past the expiration date, talk to your pharmacist about whether you might still be able to use it. Adderall XR typically works for about 8 to 10 hours.
As a result, most people take it just once each day. Adderall is a stimulant that works in the brain to treat symptoms of ADHD and narcolepsy. What we do know is that Adderall affects chemical messengers in the brain called neurotransmitters , such as norepinephrine and dopamine.
The effects on these neurotransmitters are thought to help control certain impulses and provide a calming effect in people with ADHD. They also cause increased focus and attention. It can also cause feelings of physical and mental energy, and a sense of confidence.
One review of studies showed that in people with ADHD, stimulant medications such as Adderall made the structure and function of their brains more closely match the structure and function of brains in people without ADHD. Tolerance occurs when your body gets used to the effects of a medication and no longer responds in the same way.
In some cases, this can require increasing the dosage of a drug to get the same effect. Once an effective dosage is determined, that dosage can often be continued for long periods of time without any loss of effectiveness. Tolerance can also relate to side effects. People who take Adderall for ADHD or narcolepsy sometimes experience side effects when they first start the medication.
In many cases, the body develops a tolerance to these side effects, and they go away. Adderall contains amphetamine and dextroamphetamine.
For people who take Adderall, drug screening tests will be positive for amphetamine. If you take Adderall for a medical condition, consider disclosing this information before completing a drug screening related to work or athletics.
This drug has a boxed warning. A boxed warning alerts doctors and patients about drug effects that may be dangerous. Adderall and similar medications have the potential to be misused.
Taking these medications for long periods of time can cause psychological and physical dependence. This may lead to obtaining Adderall illegally and using it for nonmedical purposes. Misuse and abuse of Adderall may cause serious side effects, including heart problems and death. Before taking Adderall, talk with your doctor about your health history. Adderall may not be appropriate for you if you have certain medical conditions.
These include:. If you think your pet has consumed this medication, call your veterinarian right away. Amphetamines are sympathomimetic amines that stimulate the central nervous system CNS. Amphetamines stimulate norepinephrine and dopamine release in the CNS, increasing their levels in the extraneuronal space.
Amphetamines decrease fatigue , increase alertness, and cause mild euphoria. Outside the CNS, amphetamines increase blood pressure and stimulate heart rate and respiration. After an oral dose of Adderall, peak plasma concentrations occur in about three hours. For Adderall XR, the peak concentration occurs in about seven hours. Amphetamines are excreted in the urine. Typically, 30 percent to 40 percent of the administered dose is recovered in the urine as amphetamine, and 50 percent is recovered as the inactive metabolite alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine.
Amphetamines contained in Adderall are extensively abused. People taking amphetamines can develop extreme psychological dependence and tolerance. In some cases of amphetamine misuse, people have used doses several times higher than what is recommended. In those dependent on amphetamines, severe withdrawal can occur when the medication is abruptly stopped. Withdrawal symptoms can include extreme fatigue , depression , and sleep disruption. Adderall should be stored in a tightly closed, light-resistant container.
Disclaimer : MedicalNewsToday has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up-to-date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or other healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects.
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The ideal dosage of Adderall or another ADHD medications is identified using a method called titration: carefully increasing the dosage over time, until noticeable benefits are achieved and side effects are kept to a minimum. Adderall is available in several formulations and doses. Immediate-release tablets can be taken several times a day, or during specific activities, depending on patient need. Adderall XR is a one-daily, timed-release stimulant. How a patient responds to a prescribed dose depends on many factors, including:.
Clinicians, however, typically start adults at a low dose usually 5 mg , and then adjust as needed. Adderall is linked to increased blood pressure and heart rate, 1 so adults with ADHD should have a thorough physical, including screening for heart problems, before starting Adderall or any new medication. And, in fact, there are medications for ADHD that lower blood pressure. These medications are often used as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, stimulants.
Many adults with ADHD rely heavily on coffee or caffeinated sodas. Yet caffeine may exacerbate the effect of Adderall and other stimulant medications, creating anxiety and heart palpitations. Try to break the habit in advance, though, to avoid mistaking a headache due to caffeine deprivation for a medication side effect. During this titration phase, experts recommend talking with your physician weekly and using an ADHD medication tracking log like this.
In-office visits should take place every three to four weeks to review side effects, physical health, patient and family well-being, and other therapies when indicated. Many experts and patients report that too few physicians closely monitor medications used in adults. The Weiss Functional Impairment rating scale is a good place to start. Having a tangible method for observing change makes the target concrete and keeps it in focus. As you face challenging situations in your life, you can gauge how your responses differ from those in the past.
The causes of sleep problems among adults with ADHD are multi-faceted, and may not be fully understood by the treating physician. Increasingly, research on the ADHD brain is pointing to neurophysiological differences in circadian rhythm, the inner biological clock that tells us when to go to sleep. In that case, you should try taking the medication earlier in the day or taking a nap midday while the full dose is in effect.
A no-risk trial nap can help to demonstrate that the medication is not causing the sleep disturbance, but rather the ADHD itself, and lack of medication in the rebound period. Before ruling out Adderall or any other ADHD stimulant, consider that the medication may have stopped working for any of several neurobiological reasons. After that, take a step back and try to remember what life was like before you started taking the stimulant. Is it better? Similar results were seen when current users of ADHD drugs were compared to former users and when current users with severe underlying cardiovascular disease were included in the analysis.
The authors concluded that although the absolute magnitude of risk appears to be low, a modest increase in risk could not be ruled out. The American Heart Association AHA states that it is reasonable to consider the use of these medications in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease without current hemodynamic or arrhythmic concerns or congenital heart disease that is considered stable by the patient's pediatric cardiologist, unless the cardiologist has specific concerns.
All patients being considered for treatment with stimulant medications should have a careful history taken, including assessment for a family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmias, and a physical exam to assess for the presence of cardiac disease.
If cardiac disease is suspected, further cardiac evaluation including an ECG and echocardiogram is warranted. For pediatric patients, the AHA states that it is reasonable to obtain a baseline ECG as a part of the initial evaluation. If a child or adolescent has any significant findings on physical examination, ECG, or family history, consult a pediatric cardiologist before initiating the stimulant medication.
Once the medication is started, a repeat ECG may be helpful if the original ECG was obtained before the child was 12 years old, if cardiac symptoms develop, or there is a change in family history. Stroke has occurred in adults receiving stimulants such as amphetamine; dextroamphetamine at usual doses for ADHD ; therefore, those with cerebrovascular disease should be closely monitored.
Stimulant medications may increase blood pressure or heart rate in some individuals. Children 3 years of age and older have been successfully treated for attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder ADHD with amphetamines.
It should be noted that not all children with ADHD will require medication; non-drug measures are often instituted concurrently with drug therapy. Amphetamines are not recommended for use in children and infants younger than 3 years of ageThe efficacy of stimulant therapy in children with ADHD is substantiated by a large body of evidence.
However, do not use the Mydayis extended-release capsule formulation in children younger than 13 years of age, as safety and efficacy are not established, and a higher rate of adverse reactions was noted with this dosage form during clinical trials compared with adolescents.
Safety and efficacy of Adderall XR and generic equivalents ha ve been established in pediatric patients 6 years and older. However, the efficacy of stimulant therapy in children with ADHD is substantiated by a large body of evidence. Monitoring of the effectiveness of stimulant therapy by the health care prescriber, parents, and teachers is important; periodic reassessment of the need for medication is recommended.
Appropriate stimulant therapy should not suppress normal emotions or intellectual ability in the child or adolescent; the occurrence of certain side effects may indicate a need for dosage reduction.
In psychotic children, amphetamines may exacerbate behavioral disturbances, psychosis, or thought disorders. New onset psychotic or manic symptoms may develop in children and adolescents receiving therapeutic doses of stimulants. Discontinuation of therapy may be required. Although a direct causal relationship has not been established, aggressive behavior and hostility have been reported during use of some stimulants for ADHD in children.
It is recommended to monitor for signs of aggression or worsening of pre-existing aggressive behavior when treatment is initiated. Amphetamines are associated with a reduced appetite and weight loss. Over time weight will increase but not to the amount expected based on CDC normative values.
The potential for growth inhibition in pediatric patients should be monitored during stimulant therapy. Monitor height and weight parameters relative to age at treatment initiation and periodically thereafter at minimum yearly. Patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted. In one controlled trial in adolescents, the mean weight change from baseline within the initial 4 weeks of therapy was Higher doses were associated with greater weight loss within the initial 4 weeks of treatment.
The long-term effects of stimulants on brain development and physical growth in children are unknown. Sudden death has been reported in association with CNS stimulant treatment at usual doses in children with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems i.
Some case reports have involved concomitant medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants. Although some structural cardiac abnormalities alone may carry an increased risk of sudden death, stimulant products generally should not be used in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart conditions.
Exceptions to this warning do exist, but careful screening and monitoring is recommended by the American Heart Association. Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine is contraindicated for use patients with hyperthyroidism, including thyrotoxicosis, since sympathomimetic stimulation may induce cardiac arrhythmias or other side effects.
Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma. The sympathetic stimulation of amphetamines blocks aqueous outflow and raises intraocular pressure. Occasionally, visual disturbance, such as blurred vision and accommodation difficulties, have been reported in individuals without ocular disease while they are taking amphetamine; dextroamphetamine.
Patients should report any new visual disturbance as ophthalmic evaluation may be needed. Amphetamines are excreted in human breast milk by the lactating mother. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant.
Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants are unknown. Large dosages of dextroamphetamine might interfere with milk production, especially in women whose lactation is not well established.
Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants cardiovascular reactions, blood pressure and heart rate increase, suppression of growth, and peripheral vasculopathy , breast-feeding is not recommended during the use of amphetamines. Methylphenidate may be considered an alternative to amphetamine agents in women who are breast-feeding an infant, although the medical use of stimulant medications has not been formally evaluated during lactation. The AAP previously considered amphetamines, when used as drugs of abuse, to be contraindicated in breast-feeding due to concerns of irritability and poor sleeping pattern in the infant.
If breast-feeding cannot be avoided during administration of a stimulant, the nursing infant should be monitored for signs of central nervous system hyperactivity, including decreased appetite, insomnia, and irritability.
If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, health care providers are encouraged to report the adverse effect to the FDA. There are limited published literature and postmarketing reports on the use of amphetamine; dextroamphetamine during pregnancy; however, the data are insufficient to determine any drug-associated risks.
Because stimulants cause vasoconstriction, they may decrease placental perfusion. Neonates born to stimulant-dependent mothers are at increased risk for premature delivery and low birth weight. In addition, neonates with in utero exposure to stimulants may experience withdrawal after delivery; monitor the newborn for symptoms of withdrawal such as feeding difficulty, irritability, agitation, and excessive drowsiness.
Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine combinations should only be used during pregnancy if the expected benefit to the mother clearly outweighs the potential fetal risk. There is one case of a neonate born with a severe congenital bony deformity, tracheo-esophageal fistula, and anal atresia following maternal exposure to dextroamphetamine sulfate and lovastatin during the first trimester of pregnancy.
However, most available data indicate that amphetamines are not teratogenic in humans. Among mother-child pairs enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project who had first trimester exposure to amphetamines and 1, mother-child pairs with amphetamine exposures at any time during pregnancy, there was no evidence suggesting a relationship to large categories of major or minor malformations.
In one prospective comparison study, neonates exposed to cocaine, methamphetamine, or a combination of cocaine and narcotic in utero had a The authors speculated that the ultrasonographic abnormalities were probably related to the vasoconstrictive properties of the drugs. Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine may precipitate motor or phonetic tics in those with Tourette's syndrome.
Some patients with Tourette's syndrome may actually benefit from stimulant therapy; administer under close supervision. The use of amphetamine; dextroamphetamine may cause dizziness, mask signs of fatigue or the need for rest, or impair the ability of a patient to participate in activities that require mental alertness.
Patients should not perform such tasks, including driving or operating machinery, until they are aware of how this medication affects them. Use amphetamine; dextroamphetamine with caution in patients with a history of a seizure disorder because the seizure threshold can be reduced, particularly during excess CNS stimulation i.
The effects of amphetamines on the seizure threshold, in normal therapeutic dosages, are less clear. Seizure threshold may be reduced in those with EEG abnormalities and rarely in patients without a seizure history or EEG abnormalities.
If seizures occur, discontinuation of therapy is recommended. The use of inhalational anesthetics during surgery may sensitize the myocardium to the effects of amphetamines and other sympathomimetic drugs. Amphetamines lower the seizure threshold. Because of a potential increased risk of seizures, amphetamines should not be used during intrathecal radiographic contrast administration.
Amphetamines should be discontinued 48 hours before the myelography and should not be resumed until at least 24 hours after the procedure.
Abrupt discontinuation of amphetamine; dextroamphetamine after chronic use is not recommended. Discontinuation may unmask severe mental depression or extreme fatigue, or precipitate withdrawal symptoms. Gradual withdrawal of therapy is recommended. Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine has not been systematically studied in the geriatric population for use in ADHD or narcolepsy.
Stimulant medications are used as the treatments of choice in the adult patient over 50 years of age with ADHD when behavioral and lifestyle modifications alone have failed to improve concerns associated with inattention, such as task focus and completion, or organization and time management.
Medication should be titrated with low doses initially and with a slow increase. Debilitated or geriatric patients may be more susceptible to the CNS and sympathomimetic side effects of the amphetamines; use with caution in the older adult.
Side effects of amphetamines or other stimulants are usually mild but may include mood or behavior changes, tremor, insomnia, increased blood pressure, headache, or gastroesophageal reflux or other GI complaints.
Adults should have their blood pressure and heart rate checked at baseline and periodically during treatment. If treatment is considered necessary, periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine may cause hypercortisolism, as amphetamines can cause a significant elevation in plasma corticosteroid concentrations.
The elevation is greatest in the evening. Amphetamines may interfere with urinary steroid determinations; consider the possible effect of amphetamine; dextroamphetamine if determination of plasma corticosteroid concentrations is desired.
Use amphetamine; dextroamphetamine with caution in patients with significant hepatic disease or renal impairment. The elimination of amphetamine; dextroamphetamine is dependent on hepatic metabolism, urinary pH and urinary flow rates, as well as active secretion. Both hepatic disease and renal impairment have the potential to inhibit the elimination of amphetamine and result in prolonged exposures.
Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine is contraindicated in patients who have received MAOI therapy, including linezolid or intravenous methylene blue, within the past 14 days. MAOI antidepressants slow amphetamine metabolism, potentiating their effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings. This may precipitate hypertensive crisis, malignant hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome, and a variety of toxic neurologic effects; these events can be fatal.
Increased risk for serotonin syndrome also may occur when amphetamines are co-administered with serotonergic agents e. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue amphetamine; dextroamphetamine and all other serotonergic agents, and initiate supportive treatment. Stimulant medications are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon. Worsening of peripheral vascular disease is possible.
Effects on circulation have been observed with therapeutic doses at different times throughout therapy in all age groups. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild and generally improve after reduction in dose or discontinuation of drug. Carefully monitor all patients for digital changes during treatment with stimulant medications, especially those with pre-existing circulation problems. Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention if any new digital numbness, pain, skin discoloration, or temperature sensitivity occur, or if unexplained wounds appear on their fingers or toes.
Further clinical evaluation e. Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, should be ruled out prior to treatment with amphetamines.
Patients with eating disorders may have physiologic complications, such as metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities, which increase their susceptibility to the adverse effects of stimulants.
In addition, the abuse potential of stimulants in weight loss induction should be considered in patients with an eating disorder. The use of sympathomimetic drugs for weight loss has been associated with serious cardiovascular adverse events.
Amphetamine; dextroamphetamine is not indicated or recommended for obesity treatment. Acarbose: Moderate Sympathomimetic agents and adrenergic agonists tend to increase blood glucose concentrations when administered systemically.
Monitor for loss of glycemic control when pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, and other sympathomimetics are administered to patients taking antidiabetic agents. Epinephrine and other sympathomimetics, through stimulation of alpha- and beta- receptors, increase hepatic glucose production and glycogenolysis and inhibit insulin secretion.
Also, adrenergic medications may decrease glucose uptake by muscle cells. For treatment of cold symptoms, nasal decongestants may be preferable for short term, limited use 1 to 3 days as an alternative to systemic decongestants in patients taking medications for diabetes.
Acebutolol: Minor Close monitoring of blood pressure or the selection of alternative therapeutic agents to the sympathomimetic agent may be needed in patients receiving a beta-blocker. Sympathomimetics, such as amphetamines, phentermine, and decongestants e. Concurrent use increases the risk of unopposed alpha-adrenergic activity.
Increased blood pressure, bradycardia, or heart block may occur due to excessive alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Caffeine is a CNS-stimulant and such actions are expected to be additive when coadministered with other CNS stimulants or psychostimulants. Excessive caffeine ingestion via medicines, foods like chocolate, dietary supplements, or beverages including coffee, green tea, other teas, colas may contribute to side effects like nervousness, irritability, nausea, insomnia, or tremor.
Patients should avoid medications and dietary supplements which contain high amounts of caffeine. Acetaminophen; Caffeine: Moderate Avoid excessive caffeine intake during use of the amphetamine salts. Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine: Moderate Avoid excessive caffeine intake during use of the amphetamine salts. Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine: Moderate Avoid excessive caffeine intake during use of the amphetamine salts.
Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide: Moderate Avoid excessive caffeine intake during use of the amphetamine salts. Acetaminophen; Codeine: Moderate If concomitant use of codeine and amphetamines is warranted, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Discontinue all serotonergic agents and initiate symptomatic treatment if serotonin syndrome occurs.
The concomitant use of opioids with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system has resulted in serotonin syndrome. Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone: Moderate If concomitant use of hydrocodone and amphetamines is warranted, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Acetaminophen; Oxycodone: Moderate If concomitant use of oxycodone and amphetamines is warranted, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome.
Acetaminophen; Tramadol: Major Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering amphetamines with other drugs that have serotonergic properties such as tramadol. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by the rapid development of hyperthermia, hypertension, myoclonus, rigidity, autonomic instability, mental status changes e.
Further study is needed to fully elucidate the severity and frequency of adverse effects that may occur from concomitant administration of amphetamines and tramadol. Patients receiving tramadol and an amphetamine should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome, particularly during treatment initiation and during dosage increases. The amphetamine and tramadol should be discontinued if serotonin syndrome occurs and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated. In addition, the risk of seizures from the use of tramadol may be increased with concomitant use of CNS stimulants that may induce seizures, including the amphetamines.
Extreme caution and close clinical monitoring is recommended if these agents must be used together. Acetazolamide: Moderate Urinary alkalinizers, such as acetazolamide, result in decreased renal excretion of amphetamines. Monitor for amphetamine-related side effects. Avoid concomitant use in amphetamine overdose situations.
Urinary alkalinizers increase the proportion of non-ionized metabolites of the amphetamine molecule, resulting in decreased renal excretion of these compounds. Alkaline urine will significantly increase the half-life of the amphetamines. Aclidinium; Formoterol: Moderate Caution and close observation should be used when formoterol is used concurrently with other adrenergic sympathomimetics, administered by any route, to avoid potential for increased cardiovascular effects.
Albiglutide: Moderate Sympathomimetic agents and adrenergic agonists tend to increase blood glucose concentrations when administered systemically. Albuterol: Moderate Caution and close observation should be used when albuterol is used concurrently with other adrenergic sympathomimetics, administered by any route, to avoid potential for increased cardiovascular effects.
Alfentanil: Moderate Because of the potential risk and severity of serotonin syndrome, caution should be observed when administering alfentanil with amphetamines. Inform patients taking this combination of the possible increased risk and monitor for the emergence of serotonin syndrome particularly during treatment initiation and dose adjustment. Aliskiren; Amlodipine: Minor Amphetamines increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and may counteract the activity of some antihypertensive agents, like calcium-channel blockers.
Close monitoring of blood pressure is advised. Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: Minor Amphetamines increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and may counteract the activity of some antihypertensive agents, like calcium-channel blockers.
Minor Amphetamines may counteract the activity of some antihypertensive agents, such as thiazide diuretics. Thiazide diuretics may also increase and prolong the actions of amphetamines by increasing the urinary pH.
Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: Minor Amphetamines may counteract the activity of some antihypertensive agents, such as thiazide diuretics. Aliskiren; Valsartan: Minor Amphetamines increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and may counteract the activity of some antihypertensive agents, such as angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Alkalinizing Agents: Major Concurrent use of amphetamines with urinary alkalinizing agents should be avoided if possible.
If avoidance is not possible, the dose of the amphetamine therapy may need to be adjusted decreased in some patients. Monitor for increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased appetite, palpitations, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, or other changes in moods and behaviors. Urinary alkalinizers diminish the urinary excretion of amphetamines by increasing the proportion of non-ionized amphetamines, resulting in increased renal tubular reabsorption of the amphetamines.
The half-life and therapeutic actions of amphetamines will be prolonged. Alogliptin; Metformin: Moderate Sympathomimetic agents and adrenergic agonists tend to increase blood glucose concentrations when administered systemically.
Alogliptin; Pioglitazone: Moderate Sympathomimetic agents and adrenergic agonists tend to increase blood glucose concentrations when administered systemically. Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors: Moderate Sympathomimetic agents and adrenergic agonists tend to increase blood glucose concentrations when administered systemically.
Aluminum Hydroxide: Moderate Antacids and other gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents increase the oral absorption of amphetamines. This may lead to increased amphetamine concentrations.
To help limit an interaction, do not take antacids at the same time as the amphetamine product. It is recommended to separate times of administration. Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Carbonate: Moderate Antacids and other gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents increase the oral absorption of amphetamines. Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide: Moderate Antacids and other gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents increase the oral absorption of amphetamines.
Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone: Moderate Antacids and other gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents increase the oral absorption of amphetamines. Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Trisilicate: Moderate Antacids and other gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents increase the oral absorption of amphetamines.
Amantadine: Moderate Careful observation is required when amantadine is administered concurrently with central nervous system CNS stimulants. An increase in stimulant effects, such as nervousness, irritability, insomnia, tremor, seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias may occur. Ambrisentan: Minor Sympathomimetics such as amphetamine or dextroamphetamine can antagonize the effects of vasodilators when administered concomitantly.
Patients should be monitored for reduced efficacy of ambrisentan. Amifampridine: Major Carefully consider the need for concomitant treatment with amphetamines and amifampridine, as coadministration may increase the risk of seizures.
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